Equivalence (Popovič)

In finding equivalence Anton Popovič distinguishes four types of translation equivalence:

1. linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level of both SL and TL texts;
2. paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis;
3. stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning;
4. textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is equivalence of the syntagmatic structuring of a text.

Reference: A. Popovič, A Dictionary for the Analysis of Literary Translation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 1976